一、航空器及其系统（aircraft and its system） （一）航空器机构（aircraft structure） 机体（飞机除发动机外的完整结构）airframe 机身（不包括机翼、机尾、发动机）fuselage 驾驶舱cockpit/flight deck 机头nose 风挡windshield/ windscreen 机腹belly～landing 蒙皮skin 前部front (fore) part 后部rear (aft) part 左舷（舵）port～engine 右舷（舵）starboard～engine 内侧发动机inboard engine or inboards 外侧发动机outboard engine or outboards 发动机吊舱nacelle 轮舱wheel well 主轮main landing wheel 前轮nose wheel (大)机翼(main) wing 机翼前缘leading edge 机翼后缘trailing edge 翼尖wing tip 操纵面control surface 副翼ailerons 缝翼slots/slats 升降舵elevators 方向舵rudder 垂直安定面fin(vertical stabilizer) 水平安定面 horizontal stabilizer 调整片trim tab 襟翼（内侧襟翼，外侧襟翼，前缘襟翼）flaps (inboard flap, outboard flap, leading edge flaps) 襟翼设定flap setting 襟翼角flap angle 全襟翼位置full flap position 放下襟翼（收上襟翼）extend the flaps (retract the flaps) 无襟翼着陆/无襟翼无缝翼着陆flapless landing/landing without slats/flaps 襟翼被卡阻the flaps are jammed 阻力板，扰流板（内、外侧扰流板）（扰流板放下、打开）spoilers (inboard/outboard spoiler) (spoiler down\up) 减速板（阻流板）speed brakes/air braking 起落架landing gear/undercarriage 起落架锁定/未锁定gear locked/unlocked 起落架前轮nose wheel 起落架舱wheel well 起落架舱门wheel door 放下起落架（收上起落架）extend/lower/deploy the gear (retract the gear) 放轮（收轮）gear extension (gear retraction) 起落架被卡阻the gear is jammed 应急放下系统emergency extension system 摇动放下起落架crank the gear down/manually lower the gear 轮胎爆破Burst tyre/blow out/flat tyre 瘪胎deflated tyre 漏胎flat tyre 轮胎被扎破puncture 反推装置thrust reverser 排气道和尾锥tail cone 天线antenna 客舱passenger cabin 地板floor 顶棚（板）ceiling 机上厨房galley 厕所toilet 前(后)货舱forward(after)hold (下)货舱lower cargo compartment 航行灯navigation light 左(右)着陆灯left(right)landing lamp 闪光灯flash light 警告灯warning light （二）航空器系统（aircraft system） 1．动力系统（powerplant system） 辅助动力装置APU(auxiliary power unit) 引擎短舱 nacelle (engine cowling） 螺旋桨propeller 风车windmill 发动机吸进了鸟/水bird/water ingestion 外来物损伤FOD(foreign object damage) 发动机失效engine failure 机械故障engineering trouble/mechanical problem 发动机熄火engine flame out 抖动vibration 马力小 the engine is low on power 停车engine shutdown 发动机喘振 engine surge 振动vibration 动作筒actuator 风扇fan 气缸cylinder\EGT(exhaust gas temperature排气温度) 2．燃油系统（fuel system） 燃油箱 fuel tanks 燃油泵fuel pump 燃油油压过低警告灯low fuel pressure warning lights 煤油kerosene 航空煤油aviation kerosene 升压,增压(泵)boost(pump) 放油fuel dumping/jettison 消耗consume 油箱fuel tank 油量不足short of fuel 不充足insufficient 剩余remain 燃油增压泵fuel booster pump 燃油（滑油）压力低fuel(oil)pressure low(drop) 3．液压(滑油)系统hydraulic（oil）system· 滑油温度表 oil temperature indicator 千斤顶(actuating) jacks 密封圈seals 活门valve。 4．电器系统（electrical system） 发电机generator motor 无线电设备Radio equipment (备份)保险丝(spare)fuse 电线wire 插头plug 电路circuit 跳开关circuit breaker 电瓶(电压)battery(voltage) 电表ammeter 继电器relay 调压器voltage regulator 5．空调系统（air-conditioning system） 密封系统Sealing system 增压系统pressurization system 通风系统venting system 氧气设备oxygen equipment 减压 释压decompression 减压 释压depressurize 失密pressure failure 冷却 cooling 加热 heating 氧气面罩oxygen mask 流量flow 驾驶舱加温pilot cabin heat 6．刹车系统（brakesystem） 刹车brakes 防滞装置an anti-skid device 防滞刹车anti-skid brake 刹车不可靠the brakes are unreliable 刹车状况不好 braking action is poor 松刹车brakes released 刹车brakes set 气刹车pneumatic braking 手刹车manual braking 7．应急系统（emergencysystem） 灭火系统extinguisher system 防冰系统deicing system 超温（过热）overheat 发动机灭火瓶engine fire bottles 机翼除冰wing deicing （三）驾驶舱（cockpit） 1．操纵系统（control system） 飞行操纵系统flight control system 飞行管理计算机系统(FMCS)flight management computer system 人工操纵系统manual controls 自动驾驶操纵系统autopilot controls 自动油门系统auto throttle system 仪表着陆系统instrument landing system 中央操纵台center console 操纵台control stand 控制板control panel 杆levers/stick/column 操纵杆control column 操纵手柄handle 油门thrust levers 按钮或旋钮knobs 开关switch 曲柄（摇把）cranks 前轮转弯手操作盘nose wheel steering hand wheel 机内通话inter communication 耳机head set 装载与配平系统weight and balance system 2．航空器仪表（aircraft instrument） 仪表instrument /gauge/indicator 仪表板instrument panel 顶部仪表板overhead panel 主显示系统primary display system 指示器（仪表）indicator 飞行指引仪flight director 地评议horizon indicator 备份地评议stand by gyro-horizon 发动机仪表engine indicator 高度表altimeter 气压高度表pressure altimeter 无线电高度表radio altimeter 空速表airspeed indicator 升降速度表vertical speed indicator(rate of climb and descent indicator) 转速表R.P.M(revolutions per minute) 起落架位置指示器landing gear/undercarriage position indicator 刹车压力表brake pressure gauge 偏流指示器deviation altimeter 超温（过热）overheat 3．航空器动作（aircraft manoeuvre） 俯仰pitch/tilt 横滚roll 偏转yaw 压坡度bank the aircraft 抬（提）起lift off/rotate 抬机头pitch up the aircraft (to nose up) 推机头pitch down the aircraft (to nosedown) 大角度爬升climb steeply 修正动作corrective action 改平level off 失速stall 螺旋spin 从失速中改出recover from stall 急转弯sharp turn 减慢（速度）slow down 跟踪trail 二、气象（meteorology） （一）云（cloud） 云底高ceiling 少云 FEW 1～2/8, few 疏云 SCT 3～4/8, scattered 裂开云，多云 5～7/8, broken 满天云 8/8 , overcast (continuous) 在云中In cloud 断续云中In and out of cloud 云在增加cloud is building up 云在消散cloud is clearing up/dissipating 积雨云CB(cumulonimbus) 塔状积雨云towering cumulonimbus （二）能见度（visibility） 晴空sky clear 薄雾Mist 轻雾light fog 浓雾dense fog 吹雾,平流雾drifting fog 雾在消散fog is clearing up 雾越来越浓fog is getting worse 霾Haze 烟Smoke 烟雾Smog 沙暴sandstorm （三）风（wind） 风wind 地面风surface wind 无风（静风）wind calm 微风light wind 中速风moderate wind 强风strong wind 顺风tailwind 顶风headwind 侧风crosswind 阵风gust 阵风达8 m/s, gusts up to 8 m/s 风向风速仪wind-gauge 稳定风steady wind 风向不稳定variable wind 风越来越大the wind is getting stronger 风切变wind shear 微暴microburst 风暴storm 涡流vortex(vortices) （四）颠簸（turbulence） 晴空颠簸clear air turbulence 中度颠簸moderate turbulence 严重颠簸severe turbulence 平稳的smooth 上升气流updraught 下降气流downdraught 高空急流jet stream （五）降水（precipitation） 小雨light rain 大雨heavy rain 间歇性雨intermittent rain 连续性降水continuous rain 偶尔下阵雨occasional showers 零零散散的阵雨scattered showers 毛毛雨drizzle 雪snow 冻雨freezing rain 雨夹雪sleet 飑（线）squall 飓风hurricane 龙卷风tornado 冰雹hail 雷暴thunderstorm 闪电光flash of lightning 闪电lightning 雹暴hailstorm 雪暴snowstorm 结冰icing （六）温度（temperature） 外界温度，大气温度outside air temperature 露点温度dewpoint 温度在上升the temperature is rising 温度在下降the temperature is falling/dropping 温度稳定the temperature is steady （七）跑道道面状况（runway surface condition） 在化的雪melting snow 雪水（或半化的雪）slush 雪堆snow drift 雪清除snow clearance 跑道上有结冰the runway is icy 冰块(跑道上结的一块块冰)ice patches 跑道湿the runway is wet 跑道滑the runway is slippery 积水pools of water/ standing water 、floodwater 刹车效应差braking action is poor 刹车效应好braking action is good 刹车效应中braking action is medium 三、机场车辆（airport vehicle） 地面车辆ground vehicle/car 机坪车辆ramp vehicle 引导车follow me car 空调车air condition car 运送乘客巴士shuttle bus 大客车coach 摆渡车airport passenger bus/ferry 餐车galley service truck 食品车（配餐车）catering truck 拖车tow tug/towing tractor 拖把tow bar 机载客梯air stairs/steps 地面电源车ground power vehicle (unit) 气源车pneumatic 救火车fire engine(truck) 救护车ambulance 急救车first-aid 加油车refueller 油车tank car 供水车water service truck 平台车dolly 保安运货车security van 牵引车tractor 犁雪车snow plough 吹雪车runway snow blower 除冰车ice-melter 吊臂车cherry-picker 挖土车bull-dozer 起重机crane 四、地面相关设备与服务（relevant ground equipment and service） 服务设备furnishing equipment 医疗服务medical service 安全服务safety services 候机楼terminal 客/停机坪apron/ramp 廊桥（英）air bridge/loading bridge 廊桥（美）jetway 登机口passenger gate 海关customs 输送带conveyor 地勤ground handling 机库hangar 舱单load sheet 航空运货单air waybill 登机（英）embark/board 轮挡wheel chock 风挡刮水器（美）windshield wiper 风挡刮水器（英）windscreen wiper 下飞机，从飞机上卸下（英）disembark/unload 地面电源插座external socket 地面电源ground power 外部电源external power 拔下地面(外部) 电源disconnect ground(external) power 接上地面(外部) 电源reset ground(external) power 气源start air 供气supply start air 拔下(接上)气源disconnect（reset）start air unit 消防队fire service/assistance 故障排除trouble shooting/fixed 航空常用英语单词 五、关于非正常情况和紧急情况的词汇及词组 A: Abort take-off/reject/abandon中断起飞 A flock of birds一群鸟 At your own discretion由你自己决定 Adjust调整 As published根据公布的 Airborne升空 Active runway(runway in use)正在使用的跑道 Air conditioning smoke=pack空调冒烟 Anonymous call(letter)匿名电话（信） Anti-icing system inoperative防冰系统不工作 allocate分配 aileron副翼 auxiliary辅助 attacked攻击 B: Backtrack调头 Belly landing(gear up landing)机腹落地 Bird strike鸟击 Birds ingestion吸鸟 Bomb炸弹 Breaking action刹车效应 Braking action poor刹车效应差 Burst tyre/blow out/flat tyre爆胎 burn off消耗 baggage loader传送带 blast fence气流档板 C: Cabin fire客舱失火 Caution wake turbulence注意尾流 Cabin temperature is rising客舱温度升高 Cargo fire/smoke货舱失火/冒烟 Center of gravity to the rear重心靠后 Commence开始 Converging会聚 Cockpit window broken驾驶舱窗户出现问题 Converging traffic汇聚飞机 conflict冲突 cough咳 cracked破裂 chemicals of industrial化学品 crane operating=hoist吊车 crossfeed valve failure D: Distance距离 Destination目的地 Detect探测 Deviate from the corridor偏出走廊 Discharge extinguisher(agent)喷射灭火瓶（灭火剂 Ditching水上迫降 Dumping(jettison)放油 Due separation=spcing由于间隔 debris=fragments(metal strips)碎片 dense smoke浓烟\drunk醉酒 dispatched派遣\decelerating减速 disease outbreak疾病爆发 detonate explosives引爆炸药 E: Electric smoke or fire电器冒烟或火警 Emergency braking应急刹车 Emergency descent紧急下降 Emergency evacuation紧急撤离 Emergency gear extension not available(failure)应急放轮不成功 Emergency gear extension应急放轮 Emergency landing紧急落地 Engine failure发动机失效 Engine fire发动机失火\ Epidemic=pandemic流行病 F: Fire engine/fire truck救火车 fuel dumping/fuel jettison放油 Fuel leak out漏油 Flame out熄火 Fly around (go round, circumnavigate, detour, offset)绕航 Forced landing迫降 Fuel level is going down燃油液面下降 fade area盲区 fever发烧 fuel starvation不足＝fuel supply fighter战斗机 fainted晕倒 first-aid relief materials on baord紧急药品 flight strip printer飞行进程单 G: Give way to让路 Glide path下滑道 Ground air地面气源 Ground power地面电源 gun-launched area火箭炮空地 H: Hijacker劫持者 Heart attack/disease心脏病 Hydraulic pressure is dropping rapidly液压压力快速跌落 Hydraulic system leak液压系统泄漏 automatic direction finding system自动指引系统 ADFS\helicopter直升机 hypertension lost consciousness高血压失去知觉 badly hurt=injury I: Intercept localizer切航道 ntention打算 incursion入侵 illuminated照明 J: Jammed stabilizer landing安定面卡阻 L: Level change on route航路上高度改变 Left or right at your convenience左右随你 Low pass低空通场 M: Military movement军事活动 Maneuver left or right右左机动 Make further checks作进一步调查 Mechanical failure机械故障 mistake=false＝incorrect错误 mountain山脉=air convective make a short circuit小航线 N: No restriction无限制 Noise abatement procedure减噪音程序 Nose gear steering inoperative前轮转弯不工作 O: Opposite direction相反方向 Obstacle(obstruction)障碍物 Overheat超温 orbit盘旋 organize组织 obese肥胖＝policy violation P: Parallel runway (taxiway)平行跑道（滑行道） PAX baggage identification旅客行李识别 PAX evacuation旅客撤离 PAX stairs/steps旅客客梯 Proceeding to飞往，前往 Prohibited area禁区 Priority landing优先落地 Prohibited(forbidden)area禁区 Q:quarantine隔离 quarreled争吵 R: Reduce减小 Revised app. clearance修正的进近许可 Registered No.注册号码 Rest route unchanged其余航路不变 Reason unknown原因不明 Returning(coming back)返场 S: Same direction同向 Short of fuel燃油短缺 Skid off (slide off)滑出 Slight( moderate, severe,serious) turbulence轻 |
